Construction or preliminary work has begun on three new pipelines designed to flow new supplies of natural gas from Azerbaijan to consumers in Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, and Italy. For more than a decade, companies have been announcing proposals to build new natural gas pipelines to connect natural gas resources in Russia, Central Asia, and the Middle East with consumers in southern Europe. In contrast to the three new pipelines considered in this article, most of these projects have failed to advance. These three new or expanded pipelines would reach from Azerbaijan’s eastern edge on the Caspian Sea to Italy’s southeastern shore. The South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion (SCPX), from Azerbaijan to the Georgia-Turkey border, began construction in Azerbaijan at the end of June. The Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP), from the Georgia-Turkey border to the Turkey-Greece border, officially started construction in March […]