Poland’s anti-trust authority has imposed a fine of more than Zloty 29 billion ($7.61 billion, Eur6.47 billion) on Russia’s Gazprom for building the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline without its approval, in a move likely to send shockwaves through the European gas industry. The Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) said Oct. 7 it had also imposed a total of Zloty 234 million in fines on the five western European companies it says are financing the pipeline. UOKiK said its own investigation had shown that Gazprom, France’s Engie, Austria’s OMV, Shell, and Germany’s Uniper and Wintershall Dea had concluded a number of agreements regarding financing for Nord Stream 2 without having first […]