The U.S. economy can escape another decade-long slog back to health if strong public measures or a vaccine curb virus surges, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President Mary Daly said. “If we can get the public health issues under control either through a really robust mitigation strategy or a vaccine, then we can reengage in economic activity really quickly,” Daly said Wednesday in a virtual Washington Post Live event. “Then it could take just four years or five years. But if we end up with a pervasive, long lasting hit to the economy, then it could take longer.”

Not V-Shaped

Some data indicate that the economy is starting to recover. Retail sales jumped 17.7% in May from the previous month and a gauge of manufacturing rose to the highest level in more than a year. Daly said this doesn’t mean the country will see a “V-shaped” recovery.

“We’ve certainly seen some signs that are positive,” Daly said. “But I would hesitate to call this a recovery. Because ultimately the virus will determine the pace at which we can go.”