The flow of positive news regarding the future of PDVSA, Venezuela’s national oil company and cash cow, has been almost non-existent since February 2018. Rightly so, given that almost every month was a demanding uphill battle – few were those who could predict such survival skills from the Maduro regime. This September was no exception to the rule, as the media were replete with news about Venezuela’s revenues continuing to decrease, Caracas selling out its gold reserves to lay its hands on some Iranian crude volumes and the last Venezuelan buyers apprehending another tightening of screws by the United States. Whilst all this is true, Venezuela has nevertheless managed to come back from its summer low point quite revitalized and ready for another challenge. As difficult as the task of assessing Venezuela’s actual crude production might seem (considering the last year for which PDVSA has issued any numbers was […]